An Overview of Essays and Literature Reviews

A paper, whether written by a student or a graduate, is always written to present the author’s position on some subject matter. Moreover, it is written to convince a reader of the validity and value of that position. The author must, therefore, develop an argument — which is based on sound information and valid ideas — in support of his or her position. It follows that a paper must present an analytical and critical evaluation of information, ideas, and theories; and an examination of relationships within and between them. In particular, it should examine any similarities or differences between ideas, and consistencies or inconsistencies in research findings. Moreover, it should identify any apparent strengths or weaknesses, or flaws in thinking and/or research, and possible alternative explanations of findings.