Decision-Making: Cooperation and Conflict among the Core Institutions

In the previous chapters, I outlined the basic characteristics that make up the institutional structure of the EU. Yet, in order to fully understand the position, powers, and the importance of each institution within the overall structure, we must consider how they work together and interact in the process of decision-making. In this analysis, I distinguish between three forms of decision-making in the EU, depending on their scope and political significance. First, I consider decisions around legislation and rule-making; second, I turn my attention to fundamental decisions regarding widening the Union and deepening integration; and, third, I look at those decisions that pertain to the exercise of executive powers. All of these decision-making processes are regulated by the Treaties, together with additional rules of procedure. However, these rules and regulations give broad leeway for the institutional actors to define the range and scope of their activities for themselves. These opportunities may help to streamline decision-making into an efficient and effective process. It will come as no surprise, however, they also provide an important arena for power struggles and conflicts among the relevant actors and institutions. Thus, the institutions and actors of the EU seek to expand their competences and to compete for powers to define, shape, and control the process of European integration.